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      <h3><a href="../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../boost.png" border="0"></a></h3>
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    <td valign="top"> 
      <h1 align="center">Serialization</h1>
      <h2 align="center">Code Structure</h2>
    </td>
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<hr>

<dl class="page-index">
  <dt><a href="#userincludes">Files Included by User Programs</a>
  <dl class="page-index">
    <dt><a href="#archiveimplementations">Archive Implementations</a>
    <dt><a href="#serializationdeclarations">Serialization Declarations</a>
    <dt><a href="#serializationimplementations">Serialization Implementations</a>
  </dl>
  <dt><a href="#libraryimplementation">Files Which Implement the Library</a>
  <dl class="page-index">
    <dt><a href="#archivedevelopment">Archive Development</a>
    <dt><a href="#archiveinternals">Archive Internals</a>
    <dt><a href="#codemodules">Archive Library Code Modules</a>
    <dt><a href="#dataflowiterators">Dataflow Iterators</a>
  </dl>
</dl>

This library includes a large number of files. They are organized and classified
according to the purposes listed in the above index. 
<p>
<code style="white-space: normal">namespace</code> of classes and templates is synchronized
with the directory in which the file is found.  For example, the class declaration
<pre><code>
boost::archive::text_oarchive
</code></pre>
is included with the following declaration
<pre><code>
#include &lt;boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp&gt;
</code></pre>

<a name="userincludes">
<h3>Files Included by User Programs</h3>
Using this library entails including headers listed in this section.
It should not be necessary to explictly include any other header files.

<a name="archiveimplementations">
<h4>Archive Implementations</h4>
These header files contain declarations used to save and restore data to each type
of archive. Include the archives according to the facilities the code module requires.

<dl>

<dt><a target="archive_exception" href="../../../boost/archive/archive_exception.hpp">
boost/archive/archive_exception.hpp
</a>
<dd>Exceptions which might be invoked by the library.</dd>

<dt><a target="binary_iarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/binary_iarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/binary_iarchive.hpp
</a>
<dd>native binary input archive used for loading.</dd>

<dt><a target="binary_oarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/binary_oarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/binary_oarchive.hpp
</a>
<dd>native binary output archive used for saving.</dd>

<dt><a target="text_iarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp
</a>
<dd>text input archive used for loading.</dd>

<dt><a target="text_oarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp
</a>
<dd>text output archive used for saving.</dd>

<dt><a target="text_wiarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/text_wiarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/text_wiarchive.hpp
</a>
<dd>wide character text input archive used for loading.</dd>

<dt><a target="text_woarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/text_woarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/text_woarchive.hpp
</a>
<dd>wide character text input archive used for saving.</dd>

<dt><a target="xml_iarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp
</a>
<dd>xml input archive used for loading.</dd>

<dt><a target="text_oarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp
</a>
<dd>xml output archive used for saving.</dd>

<dt><a target="text_wiarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/xml_wiarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/xml_wiarchive.hpp
</a>
<dd>wide character xml input archive used for loading.</dd>

<dt><a target="text_woarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/xml_woarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/xml_woarchive.hpp
</a>
<dd>wide character xml output archive used for saving.</dd>

</dl>

<a name="serializationdeclarations">
<h4>Serialization Declarations</h4>
To specify how a type is serialized, one codes templates for serialization functions.
In the simplest cases, this does not require the inclusion of any header files for this purpose.
In most cases one or more of the following header files will have to be included in order
to complete or refine the description of the serializaition implementation for a given class.

<dl>

<dt><a target="base_object" href="../../../boost/serialization/base_object.hpp">
boost/serialization/base_object.hpp
</a>
<dd>For serialization of base classes.</dd>

<dt><a target="nvp" href="../../../boost/serialization/nvp.hpp">
boost/serialization/nvp.hpp
</a>
<dd>To associate a name tag with a serializable object.  This is necessary to
properly render an xml archive which includes the object name.</dd>

<dt><a target="split_free" href="../../../boost/serialization/split_free.hpp">
boost/serialization/split_free.hpp
</a>
<dd>To divide implementation of <em>non-intrusive</em> serialization into separate
save and load functions.</dd>

<dt><a target="split_member" href="../../../boost/serialization/split_member.hpp">
boost/serialization/split_member.hpp
</a>
<dd>To divide implementation of <em>intrusive</em> serialization into separate
save and load functions.</dd>

<dt><a target="export" href="../../../boost/serialization/export.hpp">
boost/serialization/export.hpp
</a>
<dd>For serialization of pointers to derived classes via key export.</dd>

<dt><a target="assume_abstract" href="../../../boost/serialization/assume_abstract.hpp">
boost/serialization/assume_abstract.hpp
</a>
<dd>This is just a thin wrapper which permits one to explicitly specify that a 
particular type is an abstract base class.  It is necessary to use this
for compilers which don't support the boost type traits implementation of
is_abstact.
</dd>

</dl>

This group will be required less frequently.  The are used to override aspects of
the default implementation of the serialization process for specified types.

<dl>

<dt><a target="version" href="../../../boost/serialization/version.hpp">
boost/serialization/version.hpp
</a>
<dd>To override the default version index (0) assigned to a class.</dd>

<dt><a target="level" href="../../../boost/serialization/level.hpp">
boost/serialization/level.hpp
</a>
<dd>To override the default implementaton level trait for a type.</dd>

<dt><a target="tracking" href="../../../boost/serialization/tracking.hpp">
boost/serialization/tracking.hpp
</a>
<dd>To override the default tracking trait for a type.</dd>

<dt><a target="type_info_implementation" href="../../../boost/serialization/type_info_implementation.hpp">
boost/serialization/type_info_implementation.hpp
</a>
<dd>By default, the library uses RTTI, to identify types at runtime. In some cases, E.G.
such as a platform which doesn't implement RTTI, this header can be included to permit
the override of the default runtime type identification system.</dd>

</dl>

<a name="serializationimplementations">
<h4>Serialization Implementations</h4>
This group of headers includes templates which implement serialization for Standard
Library or Boost Library templates.  Any program which uses these templates can
invoke serialization of objects of these types just by including the corresponding header.
<p>
By convention these header files are named:

boost/serialization/xxx.hpp

where xxx is the name of the header file which contains the type to be serialized.
For example, the declaration
<pre><code>
#include &lt;boost/serialization/list.hpp&gt;
</code></pre>

includes the code to implement serialization of the STL
<code style="white-space: normal">std::list</code> type. While

<pre><code>
#include &lt;boost/serialization/shared_ptr.hpp&gt;
</code></pre>

includes code to implement serialization of the BOOST <code style="white-space: normal">boost::shared_ptr</code> type.

Note that including the serialization header for a type automatically includes the 
appropriate header of the type to be serialized.

As of this writing, the library includes templates of all STL library templates as well
as templates for <code style="white-space: normal">boost::optional</code>, 
<code style="white-space: normal">boost::shared_ptr</code>, and 
<code style="white-space: normal">boost::scoped_ptr</code>.  
Presumably, this list will expand with the passage of time.

<a name="libraryimplementation">
<h3>Files Which Implement the Library</h3>

<a name="archivedevelopment">
<h4>Archive Development</h4>
These header files contain declarations for basic types used to create
concrete archive types that are made available to users above. Users wishing
to make their own type of archive may want to examine these headers to
see how the archives included with the libary have been constructed.

<dl>

<dt><a target="basic_archive" href="../../../boost/archive/basic_archive.hpp">
boost/archive/basic_archive.hpp
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
This file includes declarations for certain types that have to be accounted
for in all archive implementations.  The serialization system relies on 
certain special types such as <code style="white-space: normal">class_id_type</code> and others to 
record information in archives that is required to reconstruct the original
data structure.  These are handled exactly as any other serializable type.
That is, they can be handled as simple primitives such as they are in simple
text files, or with special code as they are in xml archives.
</dd>

<dt><a target="basic_text_oprimitive" href="../../../boost/archive/basic_text_oprimitive.hpp">
boost/archive/basic_text_oprimitive.hpp
</a>
<dt><a target="basic_text_iprimitive" href="../../../boost/archive/basic_text_iprimitive.hpp">
boost/archive/basic_text_iprimitive.hpp
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
Implementation of serialization of primitive types in terms of character
or wide character text streams. This is used in the implementation of text and
xml archives.  Presumably this would be useful for implementations of other variations
of text archives such as user friendly text or windows ini files.
</dd>

<dt><a target="basic_binary_oprimitive" href="../../../boost/archive/basic_binary_oprimitive.hpp">
boost/archive/basic_binary_oprimitive.hpp
</a>
<dt><a target="basic_binary_iprimitive" href="../../../boost/archive/basic_binary_iprimitive.hpp">
boost/archive/basic_binary_iprimitive.hpp
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
Implementation of serialization of primitive types in terms of character
or wide character binary streams. 
</dd>

<dt><a target="basic_binary_oarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/basic_binary_oarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/basic_binary_oarchive.hpp
</a>
<dt><a target="basic_binary_iarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/basic_binary_iarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/basic_binary_iarchive.hpp
</a>
<dd>
Implementation of serialization of all types in terms of character
or wide character binary streams.  This is factored out separately from the
implementation of binary primitives above.  This may facilitate the creation of
other types of binary archives in the future. It also preserves analogy and symmetry with
the rest of the library which aids in understanding.
</dd>
<dt><a target="basic_text_oarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/basic_text_oarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/basic_text_oarchive.hpp
</a>
<dt><a target="basic_te't_iarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/basic_text_iarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/basic_text_iarchive.hpp
</a>
</dt>
<dt><a target="basic_xml_oarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/basic_xml_oarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/basic_xml_oarchive.hpp
</a>
<dt><a target="basic_xml_iarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/basic_xml_iarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/basic_xml_iarchive.hpp
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
Implementation of serialization of all types in terms of character
or wide character text streams. These classes specify archive type specific
behavior on a type by type basis.  For example, <code style="white-space: normal">basic_xml_oarchive.hpp</code>
includes code to guarantee that any object not attached to a name will 
trap during compile time. On the other hand, <code style="white-space: normal">basic_text_oarchive.hpp</code>
contains code to strip out and ingore any names attached to objects.
<p>
<dt><a target="common_iarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/detail/common_iarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/detail/common_iarchive.hpp
</a>
<dt><a target="common_oarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/detail/common_oarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/detail/common_oarchive.hpp
</a>
<dd>
All archive implementations are derived from these header files.  They provide
the interface to the internal implementation details of the library.
</dd>

</dl>

<a name="archiveinternals">
<h4>Archive Internals</h4>
 
The interface (see <a target="detail" href="archives.html">Archive Concepts</a>) 
and implementation are factored out into separate classes to minimize code duplication.

These files are found in the directory
<a target="boost_archive_detail" href="../../../boost/archive/detail">boost/archive/detail</a>.  
These are included as necessary by the archive class implemenations listed above.
This has the unfortunate side effect of making the implementation less transparent.
Users should never find it necessary to change these files.
<p>
The following discussion is based on the
<a target="class_diagram" href="class_diagram.html">class diagram</a>.
<p>
<dt><a target="interface_iarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/detail/interface_iarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/detail/interface_iarchive.hpp</a>
<dt><a target="interface_iarchive" href="../../../boost/archive/detail/interface_iarchive.hpp">
boost/archive/detail/interface_iarchive.hpp</a>
<dd>
Here are the declarations and definitions for the 
<a href="archives.html">archive_concept</a>. This class redirects calls to the 
archive interface to a function named <code>save_override</code> in the most derived
archive class. 
</dd>
<code>save_override</code> is declared and implemented in each class in
the archive hierarchy.

<pre><code>
template<class T>
void save_override(T & t, BOOST_PFTO int){
    // All for otherwise unhandled types are forwarded to the base class.
    // This emulates behavior for function overloading.
    this->base::save_override(t, 0);
}
void save_override(const some_type & t, int){
    // any special handling for some type
    // this will usually entail forwarding some other operation
    // in the most derived class.
    this->This()->...
    // or in one of its parents basic_text_oprimitive
    this->This()->save(static_cast&lt;int&gt;(t));
}
... // other special type handling
</code></pre>

Note the usage of
<a target="detail" href="implementation.html#functiontemplateordering">Partial Function Template Ordering</a>
to permit the correct save implementation to be selected.  
</dd>

<a name="codemodules">
<h4>Archive Library Code Modules</h4>
Parts of the library are implemented as library code. All of this code is to be found in
<a target="src" href="../../../libs/serialization/src">libs/serialization/src</a>. 
in the form of *.cpp.  The directory
<a target="src" href="../../../boost/archive/impl">boost/archive/impl</a>
contains *.ipp files which implement templates. These templates are instantiated
only by archive implementation so are generally not included in user code modules.
<p>
The trade offs related to library implementation via pre-compiled code and templated
headers are well known.  This library uses both.  It uses templated headers
to generate code to serialize user and primitive types and it uses pre-compiled
library code for that part of the code which only depends upon the archive type.
Building of the library generates and compiles code for all archives implemented.

<ul>
  <li>Serialization of user and primitive types runs at top speed. This is a noticeable
  difference with a previous version of the library which did not use templates for archives.
  <li>Library implementation code that never changes need only be compiled once
  rather than each time a user's program is recompiled.  This can save much
  development time.
  <li>Headers which solely related to implementation need only be included
  in the library code modules. This prevents a user program from accidently 
  depending on an implementation feature of the serialization library.
  <li>In building the library I came to the conclusions that there can arise
  situations regarding static code/data instantiation that could not be 
  satisfactorily addressed without a code module.  Unfortunately, I've forgotten
  the circumstances which led me to this conclusion.
</ul>	
An example of this is the usage of the spirit library in the library.
It takes a long time to compile and includes lots of other files. Having this
only in the library is much more convenient that having to include it in every
program which uses xml serialization.

<a name="dataflowiterators">
<h4>Dataflow Iterators</h4>
In the course of developing this library, it became convenient to make a set
of composable iterator adaptors for handling archive text.  Applications include
escaping and unescaping xml text and implementing to/from base64 conversion among
others.
<p>
This is a ripe topic in itself. It's touched upon by the 
<a href="../../../libs/iterator/doc/index.html">boost iterator</a> libraries, 
<a href="http://www.zib.de/weiser/vtl/index.html">View Template Library</a>, and others. 
<p>
The code for these iterators is really independent of this library.  But since it
hasn't been and probably won't be reviewed outside of this context. I've left it in a directory 
local to the serialization library:
<a target="archiveiterators" href="../../../boost/archive/iterators">boost/archive/iterators</a>.
These iterators are described in 
<a href="dataflow.html">Dataflow Iterators</a>.
<hr>
<p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="http://www.rrsd.com">Robert Ramey</a> 2002-2004. 
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
</i></p>
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